About translation

History of the Translation

The first translations were of the Bible, since Jewish people had not been speaking their own language for long time (Hebrew), and it was lost and the Sacred Writings were due to translate in order to be understandable to the Jewish people who could not speak the original language.

Ptolomeo Filadelfo, in the III century B.C., told the 72 wise people who dominated both the Hebrew and the Greek to translate from Hebrew to Greek. This version is known as "version alejandrina". In the II A.C., a new translation into Latin of the Bible was done (Old and New Testament). This version was called as "Vetus Latina".

Translation Strategies

It is not always possible to translate the segments with equivalent structures. That is the reason why translators often use several strategies in order to assure the translation of a determined text. Next, you will find different used strategies by translators.

Adaptation or free translation is a translation procedure in which the translator replaces one cultural or social reality en the source text for the corresponding reality in the target text. The new reality is more common for the public of the target text.
This strategy is often used in poetry, theatre play or publicity translation.

The loan consists of using one word or expression of the source text in the target text.

Loans are usually appears in italics and consist of writing the word in the source language. This strategy consists of, therefore, non-translation of the word.
An example of loan is katana.

The calque is a translation procedure, which consists of the formation of neologisms according to the structure of the source language. A clear example of this is the Spanish word "fútbol", coming from the English word football.

The modulation consists of the translation of one word by an explanatory sentence.

The equivalence. It is the correspondence between the meaning of one word in one language and one word in another language. Two words are equivalents when they have the same meaning.

The literal translation is referred to pass one text from one language into another one producing a correct result. The translator has only to worry about the linguistic aspects of the language. According to Vinay and Dalbernet, the literal Translation is legitimate, mostly in languages sharing the same culture.

 

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